You can do a quick calculation of the effect on the hitch weight. The following will be familiar to any of you that are pilots; its a simple weight and balance calculation:
The basics: weight X arm = moment thus, moment/arm = weight
1- Mark a reference point on the body to take the arm measurements from. A point between the two axles for a tandem axle trailer, or around the axle for a single axle trailer is intuitive and works well.
2- Measure the distance between the reference point and the center of the load on the rear bumper. Don't forget that the rear hitch also has added weight, so estimate where the center of gravity of the hitch, carrier, load on the carrier, etc, is. This is your aft arm.
3- Measure the distance between the reference point and the center of the hitch coupler. This is your forward arm.
4- Estimate the weight of the rear hitch, carrier, load carried on the carrier, etc. This is your weight.
5- Multiply the weight from step #4 by the aft arm from step #2. This is the moment about the reference point resulting from the rear load.
6- Divide the total by the forward arm from step #3.
The result will be the force or weight on the hitch coupler as a result of the rear weight. If you consider the rear weight positive, this weight is negative. In other words, you subtract the result from the original hitch weight. If the new hitch weight is less than 10% of the total trailer weight, you may have some instability that results in sway.
Here is an example with made-up numbers:
Aft Arm = 10 Ft
Forward Arm = 12 Ft
Weight (rear hitch, carrier, load) = 100 Lb
Original Tongue Weight = 400 Lb
Original Trailer Weight = 3800 Lb
Step #5 - Weight X Aft Arm = Moment: 100 Lb X 10 Ft = 1000 Ft-Lb
Step #6 - Moment/Forward Arm = Weight (on hitch): 1000 Ft-Lb/12 Ft = 83.3 Lb
New hitch weight = original hitch weight - calculated weight effect: 400 Lb - 83.3 Lb = 316.7 Lb
Remember that the total trailer weight is now more than the original weight because you added a hitch, carrier, and load:
New trailer weight = 3800 + 100 Lb = 3900 Lb
Minimum recommended hitch weight for a 3900 Lb trailer is 3900 Lb X 10% = 390 Lb
Notice that in this example the new hitch weight is about 8% and that falls below the recommended minimum of 10%. This may result in sway, especially with a lightweight tow vehicle. In a case like this you may want to load some interior items forward, fill the propane and water tanks, etc. This will move the center of gravity forward and increase the tongue weight.
Incidentally, you can calculate the effect of any weight on the tongue weight with the above equations and process. Just remember that the effect of weights forward of your reference point is added to the tongue weight and vice verse.
Raul